Technical Report: Evolution of New Refrigerants

Introduction

The ASHRAE Pakistan Chapter hosted a highly informative session on the "Evolution of New Refrigerants" as part of the ASHRAE RAL (Regional Lecturer) Program. Featuring Zeeshan Ahmed Siddiqui, a leading expert, the event covered advancements, challenges, and future trends in refrigerant technology.

Key Takeaways from the Lecture

1. Historical Context of Refrigerants

Refrigerants evolved from natural substances like ammonia, CO₂, and hydrocarbons.
CFCs and HCFCs revolutionized HVAC&R but led to ozone depletion.
Montreal Protocol (1987) mandated the phase-out of harmful refrigerants.

2. Transition to Environmentally Friendly Refrigerants

HFCs were introduced with zero ODP but high GWP.
Kigali Amendment (2016) aims to phase down HFCs.
Low-GWP alternatives like HFOs, natural refrigerants, and blends are emerging.

3. Challenges in Adopting New Refrigerants

Safety concerns due to flammability and toxicity.
System modifications and higher costs for new refrigerants.
Balancing energy efficiency, environmental impact, and cost.

4. Innovations and Future Trends

HFOs and blends are gaining adoption.
CO₂ (R-744) is being used in transcritical systems.
AI and IoT are optimizing refrigerant use.
Refrigerant recycling is being emphasized.

Case Studies and Practical Applications

CO₂ (R-744) in commercial refrigeration in Europe reduced energy use.
R-32 in residential air conditioning in Asia improved efficiency.

Q&A Session

Participants discussed transitioning to natural refrigerants, government policies, and future alternatives like magnetic refrigeration.

Conclusion

The session highlighted the importance of sustainable refrigerants. Mr. Siddiqui called for innovation and collaboration to balance environmental, safety, and economic factors.